oracle教程 csdn（oracle教程入门精通）

①从文件创建

文件的一行对应RDD的一个元素：

a.从本地文件创建

//格式：sc.textFile("file://本地文件绝对路径")

val rdd = sc.textFile("file:///home/centos7/infos.txt")

b.从HDFS文件夹创建

//格式一：sc.textFile("hdfs://HDFS文件绝对路径")
val rdd = sc.textFile("hdfs:///user/centos7/infos.txt")

//格式二：sc.textFile("HDFS文件绝对路径")
val rdd = sc.textFile("/user/centos7/infos.txt")

//格式三：sc.textFile("相对路径")，相当于在相对路径请默认加了“/user/账号/”
val rdd = sc.textFile("infos.txt")

②从并行集合创建

①map(func)：

将每个元素传递到函数func中，并将结果返回为一个新的数据集（新RDD的元素个数等于原本RDD的元素个数）

②flatMap(func)：

将每个元素传递到函数func中，并将结果 “拍扁” 返回为一个新的数据集（新RDD的元素个数与原本RDD的元素个数无必然联系）

//创建一个数组
scala> val arr = Array("zhangsan lisi wangwu","zhaoliu"))
arr: Array[String] = Array(zhangsan lisi wangwu, zhaoliu)

//将数组转化为RDD
scala> val rdd4 = sc.parallelize(arr)
rdd4: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = ParallelCollectionRDD[22] at parallelize at <console>:26

//查看RDD的全部内容
scala> rdd4.collect
res19: Array[String] = Array(zhangsan lisi wangwu, zhaoliu)

//map算子
scala> rdd4.map(_.split(" ")).collect
res20: Array[Array[String]] = Array(Array(zhangsan, lisi, wangwu), Array(zhaoliu))

//flatMap算子
scala> rdd4.flatMap(_.split(" ")).collect
res21: Array[String] = Array(zhangsan, lisi, wangwu, zhaoliu)

③filter(func)：

func返回值必须是布尔类型，将每个元素传递到函数func中，并且将满足func的RDD返回

//创建RDD
scala> val rdd2 = sc.parallelize(Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6))
rdd2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[31] at parallelize at <console>:24

//查看RDD的全部内容
scala> rdd2.collect
res30: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

//过滤：将满足条件_%2==0的元素保存下来
scala> rdd2.filter(_%2==0).collect
res31: Array[Int] = Array(2, 4, 6)

scala> rdd2.filter(_%2!=0).collect
res32: Array[Int] = Array(1, 3, 5)

scala> rdd2.filter(_<=3).collect
res33: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3)

④groupByKey()：

将相同key的value放在一起，必须要应用在键值对RDD上

//创建RDD
scala> val rdd5 = sc.parallelize(List("hadoop","spark","spark"))
rdd5: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = ParallelCollectionRDD[35] at parallelize at <console>:24

//查看RDD的全部内容
scala> rdd5.collect
res35: Array[String] = Array(hadoop, spark, spark)

//将RDD的每一个元素变为键值对（元组），//这一类元素是键值对的RDD，称其为键值对RDD（Pair RDD）
scala> rdd5.map((_,1)).collect
res36: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((hadoop,1), (spark,1), (spark,1))

//执行groupByKey算子，将相同key的value放在一起
scala> rdd5.map((_,1)).groupByKey().collect
res41: Array[(String, Iterable[Int])] = Array((spark,CompactBuffer(1, 1)), (hadoop,CompactBuffer(1)))

⑤reduceByKey(func)：

将相同key的value调用func，func必须有两个参数

//创建RDD
scala> val rdd5 = sc.parallelize(List("hadoop","spark","spark"))
rdd5: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = ParallelCollectionRDD[35] at parallelize at <console>:24

//查看RDD的全部内容
scala> rdd5.collect
res35: Array[String] = Array(hadoop, spark, spark)

//将RDD的每一个元素变为键值对（元组），//这一类元素是键值对的RDD，称其为键值对RDD（Pair RDD）
scala> rdd5.map((_,1)).collect
res36: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((hadoop,1), (spark,1), (spark,1))

//执行reduceByKey(_+_)算子，将相同key的value相加
//_+_ ============> (x,y)=>x+y
scala> rdd5.map((_,1)).reduceByKey(_+_).collect
res48: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,2), (hadoop,1))

持久化数据

①rdd.cache()：

将rdd保存在内存中，以便下次使用，等同于调用rdd.persist(MEMORY_ONLY)

②rdd.persist(MEMORY_ONLY)

将rdd保存在内存中，以便下次使用

③rdd.persist(MEMORY_AND_DISK)

将rdd持久化到磁盘，表示将RDD作为反序列化的对象存储在JVM中，如果内存不足，超出的分区将会被存放在硬盘上

④rdd.unpersist()

手动地把持久化的RDD从缓存中移除

①collect

返回RDD的所有元素，如果RDD过大，则不推荐使用collect

scala> val rdd6 = sc.parallelize(Array("spark","hadoop","scala"))
rdd6: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = ParallelCollectionRDD[55] at parallelize at <console>:24

scala> rdd6.collect
res57: Array[String] = Array(spark, hadoop, scala)

②first

返回rdd的第一个元素

③take(n)

返回rdd的前n个元素

scala> rdd6.take(2)
res60: Array[String] = Array(spark, hadoop)

scala> rdd6.take(1)
res61: Array[String] = Array(spark)

scala> rdd6.take(3)
res62: Array[String] = Array(spark, hadoop, scala)

scala> rdd6.take(10000)
res63: Array[String] = Array(spark, hadoop, scala)

④count

返回rdd元素个数

⑤reduce(func)

通过函数func（输入两个参数并返回一个值）聚合数据集中的元素

scala> val rdd7 = sc.parallelize(List(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9))
rdd7: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[58] at parallelize at <console>:24

scala> rdd7.reduce(_+_)
res66: Int = 45

scala> rdd7.reduce(_-_)
res67: Int = 17

⑥foreach(fucn)

遍历，将数据集中的每个元素传递到函数func中运行

scala> rdd6.foreach(println(_))
spark
hadoop
scala

练习：

练习1.计算销售量

现有某书店spark和hadoop书籍五天销售量，请计算每本书5天销售总量。

//数据的格式
//("spark",24),("spark",44),("spark",17),("spark",22),("spark",31)
//("hadoop",16),("hadoop",33),("hadoop",21),("hadoop",22),("hadoop",18)

//定义数组
scala> var arr = Array(("spark",24),("spark",44),("spark",17),("spark",22),("spark",31),("hadoop",16),("hadoop",33),("hadoop",21),("hadoop",22),("hadoop",18))
arr: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (spark,44), (spark,17), (spark,22), (spark,31), (hadoop,16), (hadoop,33), (hadoop,21), (hadoop,22), (hadoop,18))

//转换为RDD
scala> var rdd = sc.parallelize(arr)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[0] at parallelize at <console>:26

//查看RDD内容
scala> rdd.collect
res0: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (spark,44), (spark,17), (spark,22), (spark,31), (hadoop,16), (hadoop,33), (hadoop,21), (hadoop,22), (hadoop,18))

//相同key的值相加
scala> rdd.reduceByKey(_+_).collect
res2: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,138), (hadoop,110))

练习2.词频统计

现有一段话：

What is Apache Spark

Apache Spark is a multi-language engine for executing data engineering data science

Apache Spark integrates with your favorite frameworks helping to scale them to thousands of machines

请统计这段话中每个单词出现的次数。

//从文件创建RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.textFile("file:///home/centos7/word.txt")
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = file:///home/centos7/word.txt MapPartitionsRDD[4] at textFile at:24

//查看RDD内容
scala> rdd.collect
res3: Array[String] = Array("What is Apache Spark ", Apache Spark is a multi-language engine for executing data engineering data science, Apache Spark integrates with your favorite frameworks helping to scale them to thousands of machines)

//flatMap(_.split(" ")) 拆分
scala> rdd.flatMap(_.split(" ")).collect
res4: Array[String] = Array(What, is, Apache, Spark, Apache, Spark, is, a, multi-language, engine, for, executing, data, engineering, data, science, Apache, Spark, integrates, with, your, favorite, frameworks, helping, to, scale, them, to, thousands, of, machines)

//map(x=>(x,1)) 转换为键值对(key, value)，给每个单词标记一个1
scala> rdd.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map(x=>(x,1)).collect
res5: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((What,1), (is,1), (Apache,1), (Spark,1), (Apache,1), (Spark,1), (is,1), (a,1), (multi-language,1), (engine,1), (for,1), (executing,1), (data,1), (engineering,1), (data,1), (science,1), (Apache,1), (Spark,1), (integrates,1), (with,1), (your,1), (favorite,1), (frameworks,1), (helping,1), (to,1), (scale,1), (them,1), (to,1), (thousands,1), (of,1), (machines,1))

//reduceByKey(_+_) 相同key的值相加
scala> rdd.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map(x=>(x,1)).reduceByKey(_+_).collect
res7: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((scale,1), (is,2), (executing,1), (Apache,3), (with,1), (data,2), (science,1), (integrates,1), (machines,1), (multi-language,1), (What,1), (them,1), (engine,1), (favorite,1), (Spark,3), (a,1), (helping,1), (to,2), (engineering,1), (frameworks,1), (of,1), (for,1), (thousands,1), (your,1))

saveAsTextFile(“路径”)

根据路径保存后是一个文件夹，而不是文件；在文件夹中有两类文件：

①part-00000 ，以part开头的文件保存着数据，part开头的文件的个数由RDD的分区所决定，一个分区对应生成一个part文件

②_SUCCESS ，大小为0，用来表示成功

//查看分区数量
scala> rdd.partitions.size
res10: Int = 2

//修改分区数量

scala> val rdd2 = rdd.repartition(4)
rdd2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = MapPartitionsRDD[25] at repartition at <console>:26

scala> rdd2.partitions.size
res14: Int = 4

spark-shell --master <master-url>

scala> val arr = Array(1,2,3,4,5,6)
arr: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

//在创建RDD时指定分区数量为4
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(arr,4)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[1] at parallelize at <console>:26

scala> rdd.partitions.size
res2: Int = 4

//在创建RDD时指定分区数量为3
scala> val rdd2 = sc.textFile("file:///home/centos7/word.txt",3)
rdd2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = file:///home/centos7/word.txt MapPartitionsRDD[3] at textFile at:24

scala> rdd2.partitions.size
res3: Int = 3

含义：RDD中的每一个元素都是键值对(key, value)

返回键值对RDD的所有key

//创建数组
scala> var arr = Array(("spark",24),("spark",44),("hadoop",16))
arr: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (spark,44), (hadoop,16))

//创建键值对RDD
scala> valrdd = sc.parallelize(arr)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[4] at parallelize at <console>:26

//查看RDD的所有元素
scala> rdd.collect
res4: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (spark,44), (hadoop,16))

//keys：返回键值对RDD的所有key
scala> rdd.keys.collect
res6: Array[String] = Array(spark, spark, hadoop)

values：返回键值对RDD的所有value

//创建数组
scala> var arr = Array(("spark",24),("spark",44),("hadoop",16))
arr: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (spark,44), (hadoop,16))

//创建键值对RDD
scala> val rdd = sc.parallelize(arr)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[4] at parallelize at <console>:26

//查看RDD的所有元素
scala> rdd.collect
res4: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (spark,44), (hadoop,16))

//values：返回键值对RDD的所有value
scala> rdd.values.collect
res8: Array[Int] = Array(24, 44, 16)

sortByKey()：根据键key排序

sortBy()：根据指定内容排序

scala> var arr = Array(("spark",24),("javascript",44),("hadoop",16))
arr: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (javascript,44), (hadoop,16))

scala> var rdd = sc.parallelize(arr)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[13] at parallelize at <console>:26

scala> rdd.collect
res14: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (javascript,44), (hadoop,16))

//根据key按照字典序排序（降序）
scala> rdd.sortByKey(false).collect
res15: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (javascript,44), (hadoop,16))

//根据key按照字典序排序（升序）
scala> rdd.sortByKey().collect
res16: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((hadoop,16), (javascript,44), (spark,24))

//根据键值对的value排序（默认，升序）
scala> rdd.sortBy(_._2).collect
res24: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((hadoop,16), (spark,24), (javascript,44))

//根据键值对的key排序（默认，升序）
scala> rdd.sortBy(_._1).collect
res25: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((hadoop,16), (javascript,44), (spark,24))

//根据键值对的value排序（降序）
scala> rdd.sortBy(_._2,false).collect
res26: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((javascript,44), (spark,24), (hadoop,16))

针对键值对中的value执行函数func

scala> var arr = Array(("spark",24),("javascript",44),("hadoop",16))
arr: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (javascript,44), (hadoop,16))

scala> var rdd = sc.parallelize(arr)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[13] at parallelize at <console>:26

scala> rdd.collect
res14: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (javascript,44), (hadoop,16))

//给键值对中的每个value乘10
scala> rdd.mapValues(_*10).collect
res28: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,240), (javascript,440), (hadoop,160))

//给键值对中的每个value加1
scala> rdd.mapValues(_+1).collect
res30: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,25), (javascript,45), (hadoop,17))

join就表示内连接。对于内连接，对于给定的两个输入数据集(K,V1)和(K,V2)，只有在两个数据集中都存在的key才会被输出，最终得到一个(K,(V1,V2))类型的数据集。

scala> var arr = Array(("spark",24),("javascript",44),("hadoop",16))
arr: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (javascript,44), (hadoop,16))

scala> var rdd = sc.parallelize(arr)
rdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[37] at parallelize at <console>:26

scala> var arr2 = Array(("spark",24),("hadoop",16))
arr2: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (hadoop,16))

scala> var rdd2 = sc.parallelize(arr2)
rdd2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Int)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[38] at parallelize at <console>:26

scala> rdd.collect
res32: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (javascript,44), (hadoop,16))

scala> rdd2.collect
res33: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((spark,24), (hadoop,16))

//将rdd和rdd2进行合并，两个RDD中都有的key会被保留
scala> rdd.join(rdd2)
res34: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, (Int, Int))] = MapPartitionsRDD[41] at join at <console>:33

scala> rdd.join(rdd2).collect
res35: Array[(String, (Int, Int))] = Array((spark,(24,24)), (hadoop,(16,16)))=

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